Hydrogen and global carbon standards - Curt Lewis

THIS HYDROGEN-POWERED DRONE COULD CHANGE AVIATION AS WE KNOW IT What do sex and drones have in common? With both, your goal is to keep it up as long as possible. That goes for whether you're racing, photographing or just playing. (In this case, we're primarily talking about the drone.) And that's where hydrogen can help.   Funded by a grant from Innovate UK, British energy specialists Cella and Arcola designed and built a fuel system for a Raptor E1 unmanned aerial vehicle based on gently warming solid, lightweight pellets to release an adequate stream of hydrogen gas. The Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS) successfully test-flew the hydro-powered fixed-wing drone just a few weeks ago.   It's perfectly stable under normal conditions and clean for the environment. Plus (speaking to our introductory point) it enables longer flying times, partially because the system's up to three times lighter than similar-sized lithium batteries. And as a bonus, it can operate in extreme cold.   The SAMS team preps the drone for flight (Photo: Scottish Association for Marine Science)  This last point is an important one, not just for drone enthusiasts who live in places like Minnesota, Maine and Alaska. According to Cella's CEO, Alex Sorokin, "It is growing rapidly and users are in desperate need of a power source that can outperform existing technologies in sectors ranging from emergency services to companies wanting to survey or map their infrastructure."   In other words, this technology could (literally) fuel several important commercial applications, including aerospace. To that end, Cella's working with manufacturers such as Safran and Airbus to ensure the safety, performance and certification requirements are up to snuff for the future of air travel.   Who knows? Maybe someday soon we'll be flying thanks to what they've learned from using the hydrogen pellets in this relatively small prototype.

Global Carbon Standards Set for Commercial Aircraft MONTREAL, Quebec, Canada, February 9, 2016 (ENS) - The first global carbon standards for commercial aircraft were set on Monday in Montreal by the 22 nations on the environmental protection committee of the International Civil Aviation Organization, ICAO, a specialized agency of the United Nations with 191 member countries. Expected to reduce carbon pollution and save on fuel costs, the new standards will apply to aircraft manufacturers once formally adopted by the ICAO Council. When fully implemented, the standards are expected to reduce carbon emissions more than 650 million tons between 2020 and 2040, equivalent to removing over 140 million cars from the road for a year. Globally, commercial aircraft emit 11 percent of carbon emissions from transportation. The new carbon standards address commercial planes that are responsible for more than 92 percent of aviation emissions. Without action, emissions from the aviation sector are projected to grow by nearly 50 percent. The new environmental measure was unanimously recommended by the 170 international experts on ICAO's Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection, CAEP, paving the way for its adoption by the UN agency's 36-State Governing Council. ICAO Council President Dr. Olumuyiwa Benard Aliu of Nigeria said, "It is particularly encouraging that the CAEP's recommendation responds so directly to the aircraft technology improvements which States have forged consensus on at recent ICAO Assemblies."  "Every step taken in support of ICAO's full basket of measures for environmental improvement is an important one, and I am sure the Council will be deeply appreciative of the this latest CAEP achievement," Aliu said.  The 22 countries currently on ICAO's environmental committee are: Argentina , Australia , Brazil , Canada , China , Egypt , France , Germany, , India , Italy , Japan , Netherlands , Poland , Russia , Singapore , South Africa , Spain , Sweden , Switzerland , Ukrain, the United Kingdom and United States.  The observer nations are: Greece , Indonesia , Norway , Saudi Arabia , Turkey and the United Arab Emirates. CAEP undertakes specific studies, as requested by the Council. Its scope covers noise, air quality and a basket of measures for reducing international aviation CO2 emissions, including: aircraft technology, operations improvement, market-based measures and alternative fuels. The move to limit emissions from commercial airliners follows the Paris Climate Agreement reached by world leaders last December.   It demonstrates the international community's continuing commitment to  The standards will apply to new aircraft designs. And, in a first for any type of ICAO aircraft standards, will also apply to aircraft types currently in production.   The standards for new and in-production commercial airplanes will promote fuel efficiency improvements, with commensurate carbon pollution reductions of more than 650 million tons between 2020 and 2040.   In the negotiations, ICAO members were considering a range of stringency options (SO) from 1 to 10. The new standards were finalized in the upper end of the range for large aircraft at SO8.5 and SO7.   Recognizing that aircraft technology and fuel efficiency will continue to improve over time, ICAO will complete a review of state-of-the art aircraft technology and projected improvements before 2019, to inform further tightening of the standard to keep pace with aircraft fuel-efficient technology improvements.   "The goal of this process is ultimately to ensure that when the next generation of aircraft types enter service, there will be guaranteed reductions in international CO2 emissions," said President Aliu.   "Our sector presently accounts for under two percent of the world's annual CO2 emissions, but we also recognize that the projected doubling of global passengers and flights by 2030 must be managed responsibly and sustainably."   The new aircraft standards are part of a comprehensive approach by the United States and other ICAO countries to reduce carbon emissions from aviation through technology development, air traffic improvements, alternative fuels, and market mechanisms.   The agreement on carbon emission standards is the first of two major opportunities this year to reduce carbon emissions from aviation.  The second is reaching an ICAO agreement on a market-based approach to ensure carbon-neutral growth in the global aviation industry after 2020. If agreed, this has the potential to offset several gigatons of carbon through 2035.   The White House views the carbon standards agreement as "an important signal that the international community is well-positioned to rise to the challenge of implementing a global market-based approach to reduce aviation emissions later this year."