After hybrid cars, has the
time come for hybrid aircrafts? It's still to early to tell, but researchers of
Cambridge University, working in association with Boeing BA +0.3%, have just
announced a first important step in this direction. On Tuesday, in Sywell
Aerodrome, near Northampton, they ran a series of test flights using an aircraft
powered by a parallel hybrid-electric propulsion system.
The aircraft, a
modified, commercially-available, lightweight single-seater, uses a combination
of a 4-stroke piston engine and an electric motor, which could also turn into a
power generator. The hybrid power system is based on a Honda engine; the
batteries, a set of 16 large lithium-polymer cells, are located in special
compartments built into the wings.
The petrol engine and the electric
motor combined fuel the plane during take-off and climb, when maximum power is
required. Then, once cruising height is reached, the electric motor can be
switched into generator mode to recharge the batteries while in flight, or used
in motor assist mode to minimise consumption. Nothing new, to be sure: this same
principle is at work in hybrid cars. What has been holding back its
implementation in aircrafts until now, is battery technology.
"Until recently, they have been too heavy and didn't
have enough energy capacity. But with the advent of improved lithium-polymer
batteries, similar to what you'd find in a laptop computer, hybrid aircraft -
albeit at a small scale - are now starting to become viable," Dr Paul Robertson
of Cambridge's Department of Engineering, said in a statement.
The
demonstrator aircraft uses up to 30% less fuel than a comparable plane with a
petrol-only engine and, in Northampton, after making a series of test hops along
the runway, flew for several minutes at a height of over 1,500 feet.
But
don't dream of boarding a "greener" commercial jetliner anytime soon; as
researchers made clear, there's still a lot of work to do before this becomes
possible - and much more battery capacity is needed. For now, if all the engines
and all the fuel in a standard airliner were to be replaced by batteries, it
would have a total flying time of around ten minutes.
"We're looking
decades away before an electric airliner will be a viable possibility,"
Robertson said.
As things stand, the demonstrator will be used by
reseachers used mainly as a test-bed, to gather data and experiment with
different configurations.
In the future, perhaps, hybrid technology could
be initially applied to small, personal aircrafts, a means of transportation
that could become increasingly common, as roads become too congested and
commuters try to find easier ways to reach their destinations.
More
research will be needed, however, to address the complex issue of aviation
emissions, which right now ammount to roughly 2% of man-made carbon emissions.
The situation is getting worse, and the faster a solution is provided, the
better. According to ICAO's (International Civil Aviation Organization)
estimates, by 2020, global international aviation emissions are projected to be
around 70% higher than in 2005. By 2050 they could triple, if unchecked.
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