Feds Eye Pilotless Helicopters to Battle
Wildfires
The future of wildland firefighting launched Wednesday morning in
Idaho.
A Lockheed Martin helicopter capable of flying autonomously with no human
control did so as it scooped up water, dropped it on targets and delivered
supplies to a distant ridge in a demonstration in front of top federal decision
makers 20 miles east of Boise.
"Wildland fires are a huge problem, particularly here in the West," said
Mark Bathrick, director of the Interior Department's Office of Aviation
Services. "I'm a believer in the technology that could be put on other
helicopters, that eventually could be put on fixed-wing aircraft - scoopers and
air tankers."
The Lockheed Martin K-MAX put through its paces on Wednesday completed
seven tasks in about an hour and a half. A safety pilot was aboard, often
holding his hands aloft to indicate to about 200 observers that he wasn't using
the controls.
Federal officials, who are also considering other aeronautic companies for
the choppers, say having an optionally manned aircraft has advantages in that a
pilot can fly it from fire to fire. A pilot could also fly it on fires during
the day when conditions are safe.
The problem is that firefighting from the air stops at night or when smoke
reduces visibility to unsafe distances.
The unmanned helicopter, though, has high-tech sensors allowing it to fly
at night and in smoky conditions too dangerous for manned flights. That means at
least tripling the amount of time aircraft could be attacking blazes.
"I'm highly confident (the helicopter) has the technology to be able to do
that," said Dan Spoor, Lockheed Martin's vice president and general manager for
Aviation and Unmanned Systems. "If they bring in unmanned aircraft, they'll be
able to do 24-7 flights. So it could be impressive in terms of helping fight
fires."
The K-MAX demonstrated Wednesday has three communication methods, using
line of sight and two different satellite links. The craft can be remotely
controlled, but it also flies autonomously after being told what to
do.
Even if it loses contact with ground controllers, it can complete a task,
officials said. It can also be programmed to fly to a specific landing zone on
its own if it loses communication for a pre-set amount of time, such as 10
minutes.
"The technology of the auto-control for the aircraft is not really the hard
part," Bathrick said. "It's all this sensor technology that integrates with the
autopilot to tell the helicopter where it's at."
The K-MAX itself is battle-tested, literally, having flown for three years
in Afghanistan moving supplies so ground troops wouldn't have to risk traveling
roads possibly rigged with improvised explosive devices. The flights covered as
much as 85 miles.
Wildfires could possibly be more dynamic, with the helicopters tasked to
make accurate water drops in multiple locations in short periods of time, often
in areas with homes. If successful, Bathrick said, wildfires could be contained
faster and losses to wildfires decreased.
"It will improve the safety of not only our ground firefighters, but the
communities they're out there to protect," he said.
The K-MAX is considered comparatively inexpensive to fly at about $1,400
per hour, and Lockheed Martin officials said it also requires low maintenance
time.
Bathrick said federal officials are still analyzing information, which will
include results from Wednesday's demonstration. But he said pilotless aircraft
could be flying above fire lines next summer.
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