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The Anti-Ship Missile Arsenal Houthis Are Firing Into The Red Sea
Yemen’s Houthis are the first to use anti-ship ballistic missiles in anger and have a diverse array of anti-ship cruise missiles, too.
Iranian-backed Houthi militants have become the first in the world to fire anti-ship ballistic missiles in anger, a threat that has been a hot topic of discussion for years. The group has also been making use of an increasingly diverse arsenal of anti-ship cruise missiles, and layering in kamikaze drones on top, in dozens of attacks in and around the Red Sea in the recent months. Despite all this, details about the Houthi anti-ship missile arsenal remain obscure, and recently the International Institute for Strategic Studies think tank put together a useful guide to these weapons.
The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) first published its dive into the Houthi anti-ship missile arsenal last week. Details were provided about six anti-ship ballistic missiles and six more anti-ship cruise missiles that the Iranian-backed Yemeni group has acquired since 2014. A graphical breakdown of these weapons, seen below, was accompanied by an analysis of those capabilities from IISS' Research Fellow for Defence and Military Analysis Fabian Hinz. That analysis is worth reading in full and can be found here.
It's worth noting up front that the Houthis claim that the vast bulk of their overall missile arsenal, as well as their drones, are domestic developments, despite the undisputable involvement of the Iranian government in those efforts. How much actual development, production, and/or assembly of missiles or drones occurs locally in Yemen, with or without direct Iranian assistance, has long been unclear.
Independent assessments of the actual capabilities of any of these missiles are equally difficult to make. It is also not clear exactly which types have been used in attacks in and around the Red Sea since last October. However, the Houthis have used a variety of missiles and drones to good effect against targets on land and at sea in the past, and the threats that its arsenal poses are very real.
The Houthi anti-ship ballistic missile arsenal
The Houthis have publicly shown at least six different anti-ship ballistic missiles, all of which have unveiled large parades over the years. All of them look to have electro-optical/infrared seekers in their noses, which would be their primary mode of guidance in the terminal phase of flight.
The Asef (also sometimes written Asif) is an anti-ship derivative of Iran's Fateh 313 short-range ballistic missile, which has a reported maximum range of nearly 280 miles (450 kilometers) and has an electro-optical/infrared seeker, according to IISS. Iran has itself previously shown an anti-ship version of the Fateh 110, from which the Fateh 313 was developed. The extended Fateh 110 family includes combat-proven designs. Variants and derivatives have been used against U.S. forces in Iraq and targets in Syria.
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