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U.S. Air Force Flies U-2 With A.I. Wingman Jen DiMascio December 16, 2020
U2
Credit: USAF
The U.S. Air
Force for the first time flew a Lockheed Martin U-2 Dragon Lady with the use of
an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm on Dec. 15.
A human
pilot referenced as a major with the call sign “Vudu,” flew the aircraft
assigned to the 9th Reconnaissance Wing at Beale AFB in California, while the
algorithm named “ARTUµ” conducted sensor employment, tactical navigation and
coordinated with the pilot on a reconnaissance mission during a simulated
missile strike. After takeoff, ARTUµ took control of the sensor and was charged
with finding enemy launchers, while the pilot watched for threatening aircraft.
Both shared the radar; the U-2 uses Raytheon’s Advanced Synthetic Aperture
Radar System. The enemy was a competing dynamic
computer algorithm.
ARTUµ used
µZero, “a world-leading computer program that dominates chess, Go, and even
video games without prior knowledge of their rules—to operate a U-2 spy plane,”
wrote Will Roper, assistant secretary of the Air Force for acquisition,
technology and logistics, in a Popular Mechanics op-ed. He had been teasing the
Dec. 15 milestone on Twitter for days leading up to the announcement. “Like a
breaker box for code, the U-2 gave ARTUµ complete radar control while
‘switching off’ access to other subsystems,” Roper said. “The design allows
operators to choose what AI won’t do to accept the operational risk of what it
will.”
ARTUµ
actually became the mission commander and final decision maker on the flight,
Roper said. To get to that point, the AI system had been through a rigorous
training process that included more than half a million computer-simulated
training sessions.
The Air
Force used its “U-2 Federal Laboratory” to design the technology. According to
Roper, the lab “trained µZero’s gaming algorithms to operate a
radar—reconstructing them to learn the good side of reconnaissance (enemies
found) from the dark side (U-2s lost)—all while interacting with a
pilot.”
The service
leveraged an open source software containerization tool called Kubernetes,
which the Air Force has sought to leverage to speed software development for
its aircraft.
In
mid-November, a U-2S enabled the Air Force to push a Kubernetes containerized
software update to an airborne network, demonstrating that a combat fleet could
receive software updates such as new electronic warfare techniques before
returning to base.
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