Flygermangel i Asia - Curt Lewis

Asia's Travel Boom Is in Trouble as a Pilot Shortage Worsens

• Dearth of skilled cockpit crew acute in India, Southeast Asia
• Harder for newer airlines to hire pilots, CAPA's Harbison says

Passengers disembark a Bamboo Airways airplane at Phu Cat Airport in Qui Nhon, Vietnam.

An unprecedented travel boom in Asia has spawned new budget carriers and millions of first-time fliers, but a shortage of pilots is threatening to choke that demand.

Bamboo Airways Co. in Vietnam was the latest low-cost carrier to start services this year and more are expected to join the race. In Southeast Asia alone, low cost carriers have about 1,400 aircraft on order, compared with fewer than 400 for full-service carriers, according to CAPA Centre for Aviation. With the supply of pilots lagging behind, the airlines will struggle to find skilled cockpit crew.

"There's a real crunch coming," Peter Harbison, executive chairman of Sydney-based CAPA said in Singapore. "For new airlines, it's much, much harder and it's going to be a real struggle."

Global traffic is set to double in the next two decades with the biggest increase expected in the Asia-Pacific region, where almost 4 billion passenger journeys are expected, according to the International Air Transport Association. Boeing Co. forecasts the region needs 16,930 new planes and about 261,000 pilots through 2037. That means the current fleets and the number of pilots will need to double during that period, according to the planemaker.

The strain is already showing. IndiGo, Asia's biggest budget carrier by market value, last month decided to scrap dozens of flights every day through March after many of its pilots exhausted their annual limit on flying hours. Taiwan's China Airlines Ltd. averted a crisis this month by agreeing to improve working conditions at an annual cost of almost $4 million after the pilots union, citing fatigue among other complaints, went on a seven-day strike.

Even some outside Asia are running into problems: Emirates, the world's biggest long-haul airline, said in April that a shortage of pilots forced it to cut flights.

"Complex training of pilots requires time, so the rate of supply growth doesn't meet market demand," said Dang Tat Thang, chief executive officer of Bamboo Airways. "The difficulty for us is in recruiting skilled, experienced pilots for the routes that we will continue to open in the near future."

To avoid a squeeze, some airlines have set up their own academies to build a pool of pilots they can tap into. Jeju Air Co., South Korea's biggest budget carrier, AirAsia Group Bhd., Southeast Asia's largest by fleet, IndiGo and Indonesia's Lion Air are among the airlines that have set up training schools.


Angkasa Training Center
Lion Air's Boeing 737-900ER pilot simulation training at the Angkasa Training Center Bandara Mas in Jakarta.Photographer: Dimas Ardian/Bloomberg

"If I think back to five to 10 years, we weren't seeing any training academies set by airlines," said Wendy Sowers, director of commercial marketing at Boeing. "The supply-demand dynamics are coming into play. You are seeing the system respond."

Some airlines are also "quietly" cutting the minimum hours required for pilots to be qualified as captains as they struggle to fill positions quite quickly, said Steven Greenway, president of Swoop, an ultra-low-cost-carrier that's part of WestJet Airlines Ltd. in Canada.

The problem of pilot shortage has been around for a while, but has become more serious in recent years, a Jeju Air spokesman said.

CAPA's Harbison says Southeast Asia and India are likely to face the brunt of the shortfall, with the most impact felt by four carriers -- AirAsia, IndiGo, Lion Air and VietJet, the Vietnamese airline that has embarked on one of the biggest international expansions by a budget carrier in the region.

Benyamin Bin Ismail, chief executive officer of AirAsia X Bhd., said the issue at the group isn't as bad as the other airlines, and having its own academy "helps keep the flow of talent we need." Lion Air said it doesn't see an issue for the next three years as Indonesia's flight schools produce enough graduates. IndiGo said it's "confident that the airline won't face a pilot shortage" and it has "all the requirements for a self-sustained growth of its pilot numbers." VietJet didn't respond to requests for comments.

In the meantime, their fleets have been expanding rapidly. For instance, IndiGo, operated by India's InterGlobe Aviation Ltd., is likely to add at least 40 more aircraft in the year ending March 31, 2020, after inducting about 62 in the current year, according to CAPA. The airline, which also operates smaller ATR aircraft on regional routes, has 430 Airbus A320-family jets on order, on top of a previous deal to buy 100 narrow-body jets. AirAsia has 375 on order for single-aisle planes, while VietJet has 216, according to the websites of Airbus SE and Boeing.

One possible solution to ease the crunch is to have one pilot on short-haul flights instead of two, although pilot unions may oppose any such move, said Harbison.

"If you can have driverless cars, you can have airplanes that have only one pilot," he said. "It's a matter of shutting down an industry or seriously constraining growth."