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Messerschmitt Me 323 – Largest Land-Based Transport Aircraft of WW2
The Messerschmitt Me 323 Gigant (“Giant”) was
a German military transport aircraft of World War II. It
was a powered variant of the Me 321 military glider and was the
largest land-based transport aircraft of the war. The impressive cargo carrier
boasted 6 engines with counter-rotating propellers and a wingspan of over
180-feet.
It could airlift 130 troops or over
25,000 pounds of payload, including tanks. The Me 323 primarily served the
Deutsches Afrika Korps and the German Eastern Front, until each and every last
one of them fell to enemy fire
A total of 213 are recorded as having
been made, 15 being converted from the Me 321.
The Me 323 was the result of a 1940
German requirement for a large assault glider in preparation for Operation Sea
Lion, the projected invasion of Great Britain. The DFS 230 light glider had
already proven its worth in the Battle of Fort Eben-Emael in Belgium (the first
ever assault by gliderborne troops), and would later be used successfully in
the invasion of Crete in 1941.
However, in order to mount an invasion
across the English Channel, the Germans would need to be able to airlift
vehicles and other heavy equipment as part of an initial assault wave. Although
Operation Sea Lion was cancelled, the requirement for a heavy air transport
capability still existed, with the focus now on the forthcoming Operation
Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union.
On 18 October 1940, Junkers and
Messerschmitt were given just 14 days to submit a proposal for a large
transport glider. The emphasis was still very much on the assault role: the
ambitious requirement was to be able to carry either an 88 mm gun and its
half-track tractor, or a Panzer IV medium tank. The Junkers Ju 322 Mammut
reached prototype form but was eventually scrapped due to difficulties in
procuring the necessary high-grade timber for its all-wood construction and, as
was discovered during the Mammut’s only test flight, an unacceptably high degree
of instability inherent in the design.
The proposed Messerschmitt aircraft was
originally designated Me 261w — partly borrowing the designation of the
long-range Messerschmitt Me 261, then changed to Me 263 (later re-used for
Messerschmitt’s improved rocket fighter design) and eventually became the Me
321. Although the Me 321 saw considerable service in Russia as a transport, it
was never used for its intended role as an assault glider.
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