SpaceX launches four civilians into orbit
on historic Inspiration4 flight
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CANAVERAL, Fla. — SpaceX made history tonight as it launched a crew of private
citizens on a jaunt around Earth. For an added bonus, the rocket landed on its
drone ship, marking the company's 92nd booster recovery.
The mission, called Inspiration4, blasted off from Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space
Center here in Florida at 8:02 p.m. EDT (0002 GMT) — the start of a planned
five-hour window. A four-person crew was strapped inside a Crew Dragon spacecraft which sat perched atop a slightly
sooty 229-feet-tall (70 meters) Falcon 9 rocket.
"Few have come before, and many are about to follow," Inspiration4 Cmdr. Jared Issacman said from inside the Crew Dragon spacecraft, referring to civilians in space. "The door is now open, and it's pretty incredible."
Ahead
of the historic liftoff, forecasters at the U.S. Space Force's 45th Weather
Squadron predicted an 80% chance of favorable weather conditions, and mother
nature did not disappoint. The Falcon 9 lit up the sky, turning night into day
and it climbed through the atmosphere on a pillar of flames and smoke. The
rumble from its engines even set off car alarms at the viewing area.
Live
updates: SpaceX's Inspiration4
private all-civilian orbital mission
Inspiring hope
Ten
months ago, Isaacman announced to the world that he would embark on a new type
of spaceflight: one that didn't involve professional astronauts but carried
private citizens into space. In an effort to set his mission apart from other
billionaires going to space, Isaacman decided to raise money and awareness for
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.
To that end, the
Inspiration4 mission was born. Isaacman purchased a flight on a Dragon from SpaceX for an undisclosed amount of money. He knew he
would be using those seats to carry out his mission objective of inspiring
humanity while raising money for children's cancer research.
The first seat he said would go to a frontline worker. That lucky person is Hayley Arceneaux, who is not only a cancer survivor and former patient at St. Jude, but she is also a physician's assistant working for the organization that saved her life. She is the youngest American to fly in space and the first to do so with a prosthesis. (She has a metal rod in her leg following surgery during her battle with cancer.)
The second seat was part
of an auction that raised $13 million alone for St. Jude. Featured in a
30-second ad that aired during the Superbowl this year, the winner of this seat
was drawn from a pool of donors. That winner ended up being Chris Sembroski,
though he didn't technically win, one of his friends did and they gave the seat
to him.
The
final seat was up for grabs as part of a shark tank-like contest, where
entrepreneurs across the country could make a shop that would bring in
donations for St. Jude. Contestants would submit videos promoting their shops,
and one winner would be chosen to fly on the mission. Sian Proctor, a
geoscientist and professor at Southern Mountain Community College in Phoenix,
Arizona was ultimately selected as the winner for her efforts to sell her art
and poetry.
The
crew hopes that their mission will inspire others around the world to never
give up and keep pursuing their dream of reaching for the stars.
For
one crewmember in particular, this is her life's dream come true. Proctor,
whose father worked on the Apollo moon program for NASA, has always wanted to
be an astronaut. She was a finalist in NASA's astronaut selection process in
1999 but ultimately was passed over. More than a decade later, she is living
her dream.
The
flight is also a foray into what SpaceX hopes will be a new era of space: one
where regular people, like the crew of Inspiration4, can travel to space.
"The
all-civilian Inspiration4 astronauts are paving the way for a future where
space is more accessible to all who wish to go, and we are so proud that they
entrusted us to fly them," SpaceX president and COO, Gwynne Shotwell said
in a statement emailed to Space.com.
"Our
crew carries the responsibility and importance of this mission as we prepare to
blast off," Isaacman said in the same statement. "We have been
well-prepared for the challenges ahead of us the next three days and look
forward to sharing our experience with the world as we continue to bring
attention to St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital here on Earth."
Dragon riders
Isaacman, Arceneaux,
Proctor and Sembroski are the fourth crew to ride in a Dragon capsule. SpaceX
built the vehicle as an astronaut taxi service to ferry humans to and from the International Space
Station (ISS) and other destinations. Isaccman will serve as
the mission's commanders, with Proctor acting as his pilot, and Arceneaux and
Sembroski will be mission specialists.
The
vehicle is designed to be fully autonomous, so Proctor and the rest of the crew
ideally won't actually be doing any piloting, that responsibility will rest
with SpaceX crews here on the ground. (Although the crew is trained on how to
"fly" the Dragon in case of an anomaly.)
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Crew
Dragon was selected by NASA (along with Boeing's Starliner spacecraft)
to serve as the agency's means of transporting astronauts to and from space.
Previously the agency relied on Russia and its Soyuz spacecraft following the
end of the space shuttle program in 2011. But now, the agency has options and
hopes to have a Russian Cosmonaut fly on a Dragon soon.
Following
its development and testing, two NASA astronauts — Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley
— climbed on board and flew Dragon to the International Space Station for the
first time in May 2020. That mission, called Demo-2, paved the way for NASA to
being regular astronaut flights to the orbital outpost.
The Dragon used in this
mission, named Resilience by
the Crew-1 astronauts, will carry the Inspiration4 crew on a higher-than-normal
trajectory. They will travel to an altitude of 357 miles (575 km) above the
Earth, which is actually higher than both the space station and the Hubble
Space Telescope. But it's not the farthest that humans will have traveled since
the Apollo moon landings — the crew of the space shuttle mission STS-82
actually flew a little higher when they went to service Hubble in 1997.
When
the Dragon separated from the Falcon 9 about 12 minutes after liftoff, it marked
the first time that three different Dragon spacecraft were in orbit at the same
time. (The other two, Crew Dragon Endeavour and a cargo Dragon spacecraft, are
currently docked with the space station.)
For this flight, Dragon
Resilience received a slick upgrade in the form of a large dome window called
a cupola. Like a miniature version of the iconic windows installed on the space
station, this cupola is located at the nose of the spacecraft, right above the
vehicle's toilet.
Through
this window, the crew will be treated to breathtaking views of the Earth while
they orbit the planet, experiencing approximately 15 sunrises and sunsets per
day.
"I'm
really excited to see the Earth from space; it's going to be so
incredible," Hayley Arceneaux said during a prelaunch news conference on
Tuesday (Sept. 14).
Proctor
said she plans to spend time sitting in the cupola and staring at the planet
below, using her awe-inspiring views as a muse for new poetry she plans to
write during the flight.
Related: The private Inspiration4
astronauts on SpaceX's Dragon may have an epic view … from the toilet
The
crew will spend approximately three days in their Dragon spacecraft as they orbit
the planet. Currently, they are estimated to splash down sometime on Saturday
(Sept. 18) or Sunday (Sept. 19); however, Isaacman says that the Dragon has the
ability to host the crew for as much as a week in space in case of poor weather
or other issues that may crop up.
Training for flight
The crew went through a
very intense training program that
included many hours in the Dragon simulator, survival training on Mount
Rainier, and multiple flights in fighter jets, where representatives from
SpaceX say that Hayley Arceneaux pulled 8 Gs.
Additionally,
the crew went through more than 90 different training programs and practiced
what would happen in case of emergencies in orbit. Part of those exercises
included spending 30 straight hours in the simulator, running through different
anomalies that could happen during their flight.
Isaacman
said that the trainers threw many different scenarios to the team, from small
anomalies to having to perform an emergency deorbit.
"We
want to make life multiplanetary and that means putting millions of people in
space one day," he said in Tuesday's news conference. "So, as we look
for ways to evolve toward that airline-like model, we'll look for how we can,
you know, cut back on the amount of training that's necessary, while still
keeping the crew safe."
This
type of streamlining is also present in NASA's astronaut missions, with the
training having been streamlined from the Demo-2 mission to the Crew-2 launch
that blasted off in April of this year.
Among
their training efforts, the crew trained for a barrage of scientific and
medical experiments they will conduct in space, ultrasounds, and other medical
exams like monitoring blood oxygen levels as well as pulse and heart rate,
which will help expand our knowledge of how microgravity affects the human
body.
That
data will be shared with researchers at the Translational Research Institute
for Space Health (TRISH) at Baylor College of Medicine in Texas.
Historically,
astronauts have been the best-of-the-best, in peak physical shape, so it will
be beneficial to have data from regular people. Arceneaux says that half of the
crew will monitor blood glucose levels in space that could one day lead to
advancements in diabetes as well as paving the way to support astronauts and
other space travelers who depend on insulin.
Falcon's flight
The
Inspiration4 mission marks the 128th flight to date for SpaceX's workhorse
Falcon 9 rocket, and the second to fly within a week. The booster doing all the
work this time is one of SpaceX's newest rockets, which now has three flights
under its belt. (It previously carried two different GPS satellites for the
U.S. Space Force.)
The
veteran spaceflyer, whose exterior is slightly sooty from its previous trips to
space and back, rolled out to the pad a few days ahead of its planned launch.
Perched atop its launch pad — the same launch pad that once hosted the Apollo
moon missions and NASA's storied space shuttle program — the Falcon 9 was put
through its paces ahead of launch during a test known as a static fire.
This
is a routine part of prelaunch testing for SpaceX, so that engineers can assure
that the rocket's systems are working as expected. During the test, the rocket
is held down on the pad, while its nine Merlin 1D engines are briefly fired.
Engineers then review the data and declare the rocket ready to launch.
SpaceX
has always said its overarching goal is to make space travel more accessible.
To that end, the company has been reusing its Falcon 9 rockets, making them
more reliable and less expensive than traditional expendable rockets.
To
that end, the company is able to refly the same rockets many times over, as
evident with the company's launch on Monday night. The booster used on that
mission, which launched from the company's West Coast launch facilities,
blasted off on its tenth flight. After depositing a stack of 51 Starlink
internet satellites into orbit, the rocket's first stage touched down on the
deck of SpaceX's drone ship, "Of Course I Still Love You" for a
record 10th time.
Recovery efforts
Less
than 10 minutes after liftoff, the rocket featured in today's flight was back
on Earth. The booster landed on the deck of one of SpaceX's drone ships,
"Just Read the Instructions," sticking the company's 92nd successful
landing.
SpaceX's
drone ships are roughly the size of a football field and are designed to serve
as a floating landing platform. The company has three of these massive ships at
its disposal — two on the East Coast and one on the West Coast — all three of
which are named for the planet-sized Culture ships in the Iain M. Banks science
fiction series.
The
booster will come back slightly more sooty than it left. That's because when
the rocket lands, it has to flip around and fly through its own exhaust plume.
The vehicle's fuel — called RP-1, which is rocket-grade kerosene — is
carbon-based and as such generates some soot when it burns. That soot is then
deposited back on the rocket as it returns to Earth.
Once
the booster arrives back in port, it will be refurbished and prepped to fly
again. To date, this particular booster has three different flights under its
belt and with any luck, it will fly again.
Follow
Amy Thompson on Twitter @astrogingersnap. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom or
Facebook.
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