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Air Force to upgrade
F-35A gas tanks to weather lightning strikes
Thunderstorm
flight restrictions to last another three years
Feb 3, 06:24 PM
An F-35A Lightning II fighter jet assigned
to the 6th Weapons Squadron lands after a training mission at Nellis Air Force
Base, Nevada, March 16, 2021. (William Lewis/Air Force)
The F-35A Lightning II could start flying
near thunderstorms again soon, once the Air Force finishes upgrading its first
jet for extra protection against lightning strikes.
If the upgrades go according to plan, one
F-35A — the most widely used Joint Strike Fighter variant — by July would be
allowed to resume unrestricted flight for the first time in almost two years,
Joint Program Office spokesperson Laura Seal told Air Force Times.
The others will follow suit as they’re
outfitted with new hardware, though Seal wouldn’t say how many need to be
modified. The Air Force owned about 300 F-35As as of fiscal 2021.
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Damage found in the
F-35A's Onboard Inert Gas Generation System has led to flight restrictions and
a pause in F-35 deliveries.
In spring 2020, officials banned the F-35A
from flying within 25 nautical miles of lightning or thunderstorms after
finding that a crucial system may not function correctly if hit by a bolt.
At issue is the Onboard Inert Gas
Generation System, or OBIGGS, which injects nitrogen-enriched air into the
jet’s fuel tanks. That makes the flammable tanks nonreactive so they won’t
explode when struck by lightning.
But a team making routine repairs to the
advanced stealth fighter found worrisome damage to the tubes that pump nitrogen
into the tanks. Lockheed claimed the problem was occurring after the jets were
delivered to the Air Force.
Faulty inert gas tubes showed up in more
than half of the 24 airframes that were inspected, Bloomberg reported at the
time. That prompted an effort to revamp the OBIGGS system for the second time
in 10 years.
“The root
cause for the nitrogen tube failures is still under investigation. That said,
the F-35 Joint Program Office and Lockheed Martin worked aggressively to
develop and deploy an engineering fix that eliminates the problem, even as we
continue to investigate the root cause of damage in the original OBIGGS
configuration,” Seal said.
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The flight restriction will apply to a
shrinking number of planes as the military works through the fixes. Still, the
ban is expected to last through the end of 2025, or when all affected aircraft
should be updated.
Lockheed has installed an improved version
of OBIGGS onto all F-35As delivered since November, Seal said. For fighters
that have been in use longer, crews will add on the new hardware at their local
units.
“A 2022
software update will warn the pilot whenever the performance of OBIGGS is
detected to be degraded,” Seal added.
The flight restriction hasn’t been
foolproof, however.
Lightning struck an F-35A in midair Aug.
3, 2021, in a previously undisclosed incident, damaging the jet’s canopy and
body panels, according to a list of the most severe Air Force accidents in
fiscal 2021. Air Force Times obtained the list Jan. 14.
No one was hurt and the pilot returned to
base without issue. The jet belonged to the Air Force Warfare Center’s 6th
Weapons Squadron, a unit at Nellis Air Force Base in Nevada that offers
postgraduate weapons and tactics training for the F-35A.
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Sixty-three of the
most severe kinds of aviation accidents, known as Class A and Class B mishaps,
were reported last year, down from 71 in fiscal 2020.
The Air Force listed the strike as a Class
B mishap — one that cost between $600,000 and $2.5 million to repair,
permanently and partially disabled someone, or sent at least three people to
inpatient hospitalization. Seal said the incident is still under investigation
and the final repair cost could change.
It came about a week after lightning
severely damaged two Marine Corps F-35Bs to the tune of $570,000. No Marines
were injured. The Marines Corps initially estimated the repair cost at more
than $2.5 million but later downgraded the mishap to the lower-cost Class C,
Seal said.
F-35 units across the Air Force, Navy and
Marine Corps have reported being hit by lightning 15 times as of Jan. 25, or
one damaging strike per 30,000 flight hours, Seal said. Each incident has
caused between $25,000 and $570,000 in repairs.
“It is
unknown how often F-35s are hit by lightning, as the fleet is only required to
report lightning strikes that result in reportable mishaps,” she said. “All
reported strikes occurred while in flight, with none affecting the pilot’s
ability to operate the aircraft safely.”
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In-flight lightning strike grounds 2 F-35B
Lightning II jets
Lightning on
lightning.
By Philip Athey
No damaging strikes have been reported for
Lightning II aircraft sitting on the ground, where they’re aided by equipment
like zap-proof aircraft shelters.
“We have
learned a great deal about how lightning propagates through composite aircraft
that will be used for designing future aircraft,” Seal said. “The F-35 is more
resilient against lightning strikes than originally anticipated, and we have
learned that the advanced avionics continue to function without issue in all
documented lightning strike events, validating the design standards used for
this equipment.”
Just because pilots could eventually be
cleared to approach bad weather doesn’t mean they should.
“Per U.S. Air
Force flight regulations, pilots of all USAF aircraft — not just F-35s — are
instructed not to intentionally fly into a thunderstorm,” Seal said.
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